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The Future of EV Charging Infrastructure: Wrap Up13 June 2024

The Future of EV Charging Infrastructure: Conclusions

Those following this series will have seen that there is a lot of activity across the globe in the EV charging infrastructure space. The analysis presented by WFW experts from across our international network has highlighted a number of common emerging themes and challenges.

"Most jurisdictions have made public commitments to reaching some sort of target, albeit the targets are expressed in different ways."

Theme 1: Specific and explicit targets

Most jurisdictions have made public commitments to reaching some sort of target, albeit the targets are expressed in different ways. While differing targets are not too helpful in making comparisons across jurisdictions, they are helpful in measuring progress and in holding governments to account.

The following examples demonstrate the range of targets across various jurisdictions:

  • Germany: aims to have 1 million fully accessible and operational charging points by 2030;
  • UK: all new cars and vans to be fully zero emission at the tailpipe from 2035;
  • France: law set target of 7 million public and private charge points by 2030;
  • Greece: ultimate target that EVs should represent at least 30% of all newly registered vehicles by 2030; and
  • Vietnam: to have all motorised road vehicles fuelled by electricity and green energy and have developed the related e-charging infrastructure to do so by 2050.

Theme 2: Focus on EV uptake in public transport and commercial use

Most governments have a wider focus than simply consumer uptake of EVs, which has largely been driven by tax incentives and implementation of low emissions zones.

Some governments have already rolled out electrified public transport, while others are focussing on this as a current priority. The push for electrification of taxis, commercial fleets and heavy goods vehicles has also started across a number of jurisdictions. Those lagging behind in these areas will have many examples to examine when their e-mobility ambitions progress.

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"While there are some exceptions, most jurisdictions have enacted legislation to drive the build out of EV charging infrastructure."

Theme 3: Legislating for EV Charging Infrastructure

While there are some exceptions, most jurisdictions have enacted legislation to drive the build out of EV charging infrastructure. Rather than focussing solely on changing consumer behaviour directly (via the tax incentives mentioned above), governments are choosing to regulate EV charging infrastructure, which will become a natural monopoly, akin to motorways and electricity networks.

Some jurisdictions have mandated government authorities to build this out, while others have turned to competitive tenders. This clarity is welcomed, and should address a number of consumer concerns, not least of which is range anxiety. A cohesive roll out of charging infrastructure is expected to address these concerns, driving take up of electric vehicles.

Theme 4: Wider legislation applies to EV Charging Infrastructure

Notwithstanding specific and targeted new laws, developers of EV charging infrastructure will still have to contend with existing legislation. This includes:

  • adhering to planning and consenting regimes for installation and operation of public infrastructure;
  • obtaining appropriate land rights – for use of any public land and also from private landowners;
  • complying with construction and safety regulations – including using contractors who are appropriately qualified and registered to carry out works on electricity installations; and
  • ensuring compliance with any laws applying to participation in electricity related activities – some jurisdictions (e.g., UK) do not view supply of electricity from EV charging infrastructure as supply of power, while others (e.g., Australia) do view it as such.

"While great strides have been made, and deployment of EV charging infrastructure is increasing globally, there is still a long way to go."

What’s next?

While great strides have been made, and deployment of EV charging infrastructure is increasing globally, there is still a long way to go.

Challenges have been highlighted by some of the articles in this series. Though these can be frustrating for industry participants, they are ultimately an opportunity to help shape policy directly and legislation going forward. These can best be demonstrated through a study of specific jurisdictions:

  • Italy has seen deployment of EV charging infrastructure outpacing the uptake of EVs; the next phase of the e-mobility transition will need to focus on encouraging take up and ensuring that sufficient EV models are available to the market;
  • Greece identified barriers in regulation of EV charging infrastructure in partial and fragmented ways, leading to an introduction of a new law in 2020 setting out a unified and thorough regulatory framework for the market; and
  • Vietnam’s legal framework for construction and operation of EV charging infrastructure is underdeveloped, with no specific legislation or guidance on how best to invest in the sector; with an overarching goal to decarbonise transport by 2050, the next steps will be to set smaller achievable goals in the interim to provide clarity and drive investment.

If you’re interested in hearing more about developments in any of the jurisdictions covered in this series, please do get in touch with the authors or your usual WFW contacts.

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